Top Causes of Eczema in Babies

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a common skin condition that affects many babies.

It typically appears as red, itchy, and inflamed patches on the skin, causing discomfort and concern for parents.

Understanding the causes of eczema can help you manage the condition and alleviate your baby’s symptoms. Here are the top causes of eczema in babies.

Genetic Predisposition

One of the most significant factors behind eczema is genetics. Babies with a family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies are more likely to develop the condition (Kawashima et al., 2017).

This genetic link is part of what’s known as the "atopic triad," where these conditions often occur together.

• Why It Happens: Babies with eczema often have a compromised skin barrier, which makes their skin more prone to irritation, dryness, and infection.
• Management: Regularly moisturizing your baby’s skin with a hypoallergenic cream can help strengthen the skin barrier and prevent flare-ups.

Environmental Triggers

Environmental factors can play a major role in triggering or worsening eczema. Common irritants include:

• Harsh soaps, detergents, and fragrances.
• Changes in weather, especially dry or cold climates.
• Dust mites, pet dander, or pollen.

• Why It Happens: These irritants can strip the skin of its natural oils or cause inflammation, leading to eczema flare-ups.
• Management: Use gentle, fragrance-free products for bathing and laundry, and keep your home environment clean and well-humidified.

Food Allergies or Sensitivities

In some cases, eczema in babies may be linked to food allergies or intolerances, especially to common allergens like cow’s milk, eggs, soy, or wheat.

Studies suggest that up to 30% of children with eczema may also have a food allergy (Flohr et al., 2010).

• Why It Happens: Allergens can trigger an immune response, leading to skin inflammation and worsening eczema.
• Management: If you suspect a food allergy, consult your pediatrician or an allergist to identify and eliminate the offending food.

Immature Immune System

A baby’s immune system is still developing, making it more reactive to certain triggers. This overactivity can result in skin inflammation and eczema.

• Why It Happens: The immune system may mistakenly attack harmless substances, causing eczema flare-ups.
• Management: Breastfeeding may help support immune health and reduce eczema severity in some babies. Probiotics and prebiotics may also play a role in balancing the immune response and improving skin health (Plaza-Díaz et al., 2019).

Begin Health Expert Tip

Here are the top ingredients to avoid in baby prebiotics and probiotics.

Compromised Skin Barrier

Babies with eczema often have a weaker skin barrier, which allows moisture to escape and irritants to penetrate more easily. This dryness and irritation can lead to recurring eczema symptoms.

• Why It Happens: A deficiency in skin lipids, such as ceramides, contributes to a compromised barrier.
• Management: Using creams that contain ceramides or natural oils can help lock in moisture and restore the skin’s protective layer.

Conclusion

Eczema in babies can stem from a combination of genetic, environmental, and immune-related factors. Identifying potential triggers and maintaining a consistent skincare routine can help parents manage their baby’s symptoms and minimize flare-ups.

Always consult your pediatrician for personalized advice, especially if eczema is severe or persistent.

Summary

Eczema in babies is often caused by genetic predisposition, environmental triggers, food allergies, an immature immune system, or a compromised skin barrier.